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Dry goods sharing, one minute guide to learn about supercritical extraction
Substances develop in three forms: gas, liquid and solid, and can be phase-converted at different pressures and temperatures. At temperatures above a certain point, no amount of pressure can change the pure substance from the gas phase to the liquid phase. This temperature is called the critical point temperature, at the critical point temperature, the limit low pressure at which the gas can be liquefied is called the critical pressure PC, and when the temperature of the substance is higher than the critical temperature and its pressure is higher than the critical pressure, the substance is in a supercritical state. The area above the critical temperature and critical pressure is called the supercritical region, if the fluid is heated or compressed to its critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc) above the state, the state gas is pressurized, the gas will not liquefy, but the density becomes larger, with similar liquid properties, while retaining gas properties, this state of the fluid is called supercritical fluid.
What are the technical applications of supercritical extraction? Let's take a brief look at it together.
The characteristics of supercritical extraction determine its wide application. For example, in the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used for the extraction of active ingredients, the purification of heat-sensitive biologics and the separation of lipid mixtures; In the food industry, it can be used for the extraction of hops, the extraction of pigments, etc.; In the perfume industry, it can be used for the extraction of natural and synthetic fragrances; In the chemical industry, it can be used for the separation of mixtures, etc. The specific application of supercritical extraction device can be divided into the following aspects.
1. Extract, extract and isolate bioactive molecules from medicinal plants.
2. Lipids from different microorganisms for recovery of lipids or removal of lipids from sugars and proteins.
3. Extract anti-cancer active substances from a variety of different plants, especially paclitaxel obtained from yew bark and branches and leaves for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
4. Vitamins, mainly vitamin E extraction.
5. Analyze and purify various bioactive research substances (natural or synthetic), and remove us without using molecules (such as removing pesticides from vegetable extracts) or "residues" to obtain purification technology products.
6. Processing of various extracts with natural medicines, antibacterial or antioxidant substances, such as basil, red skewers, thyme, garlic, onions, paprika, licorice and fennel seeds.
What is the technical principle of supercritical extraction? Let's take a brief look at it together.
In the supercritical state, the supercritical carbon dioxide is contacted with the substance to be separated in the uranium ore, so that the components of polarity, boiling point and molecular weight in the uranium ore are selectively extracted in turn. Of course, it is impossible to get an extract in every pressure range, but you can control the conditions to get the right mixture ratio, and then lower the pressure and raise the temperature to make the supercritical fluid into an ordinary gas, and the extraction process of carbon dioxide is a combination of extraction and separation of supercritical fluid.
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