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What are the characteristics and applications of Supercritical carbon dioxide generation?
The physical properties and heat transfer laws of supercritical carbon dioxide are complex and require systematic research. Supercritical fluids deviate from ideal gases during thermodynamic changes, unlike conventional liquids or gases, especially in the near-critical zone and across critical points, where their thermodynamic parameters change nonlinearly. The particularity of fluid flow and heat transfer law caused by its unique physical properties will make it more difficult to operate under variable working conditions and load regulation control of the system. Therefore, to grasp the physical properties and heat transfer laws of ultra-supercritical carbon dioxide in multiple aspects, a large number of experimental data are required as technical support.
The operating state of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system is difficult to control, so it is necessary to study the control technology. The efficiency of the cycle is based on the critical point of the supercritical state of 32, 7.4 MPa carbon dioxide, when the output demand of the system changes, the speed of the whole system heating, cooling, high-speed turbogenerator and high-speed compressor needs to be accurately adjusted and controlled, and the corresponding adjustment is carried out to ensure that the system is still in the supercritical state or above, so that the system efficiency reaches the ideal state. The system requires high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance, so high-performance materials need to be investigated. In order to achieve high efficiency, it is necessary to increase the temperature and pressure of the thermal cycle of the system, and the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide thermodynamic cycle is required to be above 550 degrees, and the pressure reaches 15 ~ 32 MPa. In order to meet the requirements of high temperature and high pressure parameters, the materials of heaters, steam turbines and generators must have the characteristics of high strength, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and the processing, production, heat treatment, inspection and flaw detection of equipment require technological breakthroughs.
The supercritical CO8 Breton cycle has the advantages of high efficiency, small size and low noise, and has good application prospects in many fields. The supercritical CO<> Breton cycle nuclear reactor includes sodium-cooled reactors, lead-cooled reactors, and molten salt reactors. In addition to the advantages of high efficiency and small size, the supercritical carbon dioxide Breton cycle is also much safer than that of steam systems. The supercritical carbon dioxide Breton cycle can be used for solar power generation, which can improve the efficiency of solar thermal power generation by more than <>%, greatly reduce the cost of solar thermal power generation, and improve competitiveness.
Supercritical carbon dioxide is used on ships. Due to the limited internal space of the ship and the strict limitation of the equipment volume of the ship, the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system has advantages in many aspects such as improving power generation efficiency, saving energy, and reducing the volume and weight of the power generation system. Therefore, the system has great application value on ships. In addition, the full cycle of power generation with supercritical carbon dioxide as working fluid is a completely closed system, there is no leakage or loss of carbon dioxide, and there is no need to consume a large amount of water resources. It can be applied to environments where fresh water resources are not readily available, such as deserts, submarines, outer space, etc.
Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as the working fluid to convert the heat of the heat source into mechanical energy. Its heat sources can come from nuclear reactors, solar energy, geothermal energy, industrial waste heat, fossil fuel combustion, etc. Obviously, once the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system technology is mature, it can be widely used not only in civilian power stations, but also in military ships, submarines and other environments.
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